((cite: hotspot/src/share/vm/utilities/utf8.hpp))
    // Low-level interface for UTF8 strings

    class UTF8 : AllStatic {

    ((cite: hotspot/src/share/vm/utilities/utf8.hpp))
      // returns the unicode length of a 0-terminated uft8 string
      static int unicode_length(const char* uft8_str);

      // returns the unicode length of a non-0-terminated uft8 string
      static int unicode_length(const char* uft8_str, int len);

      // converts a uft8 string to a unicode string
      static void convert_to_unicode(const char* utf8_str, jchar* unicode_buffer, int unicode_length);

      // decodes the current utf8 character, stores the result in value,
      // and returns the end of the current uft8 chararacter.
      static char* next(const char* str, jchar* value);

      // decodes the current utf8 character, gets the supplementary character instead of
      // the surrogate pair when seeing a supplementary character in string,
      // stores the result in value, and returns the end of the current uft8 chararacter.
      static char* next_character(const char* str, jint* value);

      // Utility methods
      static const jbyte* strrchr(const jbyte* base, int length, jbyte c);
      static bool   equal(const jbyte* base1, int length1, const jbyte* base2,int length2);
      static bool   is_supplementary_character(const unsigned char* str);
      static jint   get_supplementary_character(const unsigned char* str);

    ((cite: hotspot/src/share/vm/utilities/utf8.hpp))
    // Low-level interface for UNICODE strings

    // A unicode string represents a string in the UTF-16 format in which supplementary
    // characters are represented by surrogate pairs. Index values refer to char code
    // units, so a supplementary character uses two positions in a unicode string.

    class UNICODE : AllStatic {

    ((cite: hotspot/src/share/vm/utilities/utf8.hpp))
      // returns the utf8 size of a unicode character
      static int utf8_size(jchar c);

      // returns the utf8 length of a unicode string
      static int utf8_length(jchar* base, int length);

      // converts a unicode string to utf8 string
      static void convert_to_utf8(const jchar* base, int length, char* utf8_buffer);

      // converts a unicode string to a utf8 string; result is allocated
      // in resource area unless a buffer is provided.
      static char* as_utf8(jchar* base, int length);
      static char* as_utf8(jchar* base, int length, char* buf, int buflen);